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Nintendo Wii Fit-Based Balance Testing to Detect Sleep Deprivation: Approximate Bayesian Computation Approach

Abstract: Sleep deprivation deteriorates health and causes accidents. Measuring a person’s postural steadiness may be used to determine his/hers state of alertness. Posturographic measurements are easy to conduct: a person’s body sway is measured during upright stance on a balance board for 60 s. The Nintendo Wii Fit balance board is a portable and affordable alternative to expensive clinical force plates. Body sway may be modeled with a single-link inverted pendulum (Asai et al. 2009). The model parameters, such as time delay and noise intensity in the nervous system, are physiologically relevant. The pendulum is kept upright with controllers, that include stiffness and damping gain parameters. Level of control determines how often the active controller is ON. The model cannot be solved analytically in closed form. Therefore, inferring model parameters and their confidence limits is nontrivial. We used sequential Monte Carlo approximate Bayesian computation (SMC-ABC) algorithm to infer the model parameters. The inferred parameters may allow determining a person’s state of alertness.