I was doing ping with the TCP connection going.  When there is no TCP
connection, ping time is 1-1.5 seconds.
> > I saw very few retransmits in a single message download.  SACK appears
> > occasionally.  I don't really understand the local reaction to SACK, or
> > why a SACK option appears in one ACK sent locally and not the following
> > ACK, even though the SACK mentions data that does not arrive between the
> > two locally sent ACKs.
> 
> But I do not see _any_ sacks in your tcpdumps.
Sorry, you are right.  I did see an sack, but not in this trace.
> > The throughput difference was obvious: POP3 negotiation + 30k message +
> > headers took:
> > 
> >         5 min 31 sec       downloading unknown OS   ->  Linux 2.4.7
> >         2 min 15 sec       downloading Linux 2.4.2  ->  Linux 2.4.7
> 
> It is dominated by rtt, one rtt per segment. It is very strange
> that cwnd does not want to open. Maybe, it is worth to tcpdump at proxy.
Do you mean that you want to see the Linux -> Linux connection, with
tcpdumps at both ends?
-- Jamie
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