Included in the patch are 3 drivers for i386. Primarily
there is a VGA driver and a serial console driver that both
work well with i386. This has been tested on a desktop
PC, an SMP machine, and a 16 processor NUMA-Q.
An earlier variation was submitted by Bill Irwin in
November. This is a cleaned up version a few more
features.
I would like this to be added to the kernel to make
early debugging (before console_init) easier and a
provide a standard early console.
Thanks for your time,
Keith Mannthey
PS. The patch was generated against 2.5.11, but applies
cleanly against 2.5.12
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/Config.help linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/Config.help
--- linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/Config.help Sun Apr 28 20:11:34 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/Config.help Tue Apr 30 13:41:41 2002
@@ -940,3 +940,23 @@
CONFIG_DEBUG_OBSOLETE
Say Y here if you want to reduce the chances of the tree compiling,
and are prepared to dig into driver internals to fix compile errors.
+
+Early printk support
+NO_CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE
+ If you are not doing early kernel devolopment NONE is what you want.
+ The other will add a early console for you (in i386)
+ This will allow you see printk output before console_init is called.
+ This is handy if you need to debug the kernel before this point.
+
+ VGA will give you a VGA console, your screen.
+ SERIAL will give you out put on your serial line.
+
+Location of serial port
+CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_PORT
+ 0x3F8 == COMM 1
+ 0x3E8 == COMM 2
+
+Baud rate
+CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_BAUD
+ Set the the Baud of your serial console.
+
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/config.in linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/config.in
--- linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/config.in Sun Apr 28 20:12:15 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/config.in Tue Apr 30 13:38:10 2002
@@ -408,6 +408,16 @@
if [ "$CONFIG_HIGHMEM" = "y" ]; then
bool ' Highmem debugging' CONFIG_DEBUG_HIGHMEM
fi
+ choice 'Early printk support' \
+ "NONE NO_CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE \
+ VGA CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_VGA \
+ Serial_PORT CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL\
+ Bochs_0xE9_hack CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_BOCHS_E9_HACK " NONE
+ if [ "$CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL" = "y" ]; then
+ hex "Location of serial port " CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_PORT 0x3F8
+ int "Baud rate " CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_BAUD 38400
+ fi
+
fi
endmenu
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/kernel/Makefile linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/kernel/Makefile
--- linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/kernel/Makefile Sun Apr 28 20:11:44 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/kernel/Makefile Tue Apr 30 13:45:10 2002
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
obj-y := process.o semaphore.o signal.o entry.o traps.o irq.o vm86.o \
ptrace.o i8259.o ioport.o ldt.o setup.o time.o sys_i386.o \
pci-dma.o i386_ksyms.o i387.o bluesmoke.o dmi_scan.o \
- bootflag.o
+ bootflag.o early_consoles.o
ifdef CONFIG_PCI
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/kernel/early_consoles.c linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/kernel/early_consoles.c
--- linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/kernel/early_consoles.c Wed Dec 31 16:00:00 1969
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/kernel/early_consoles.c Tue Apr 30 13:35:53 2002
@@ -0,0 +1,417 @@
+/*
+ * Early console drivers.
+ * (C) Nov 2001, William Irwin, IBM
+ *
+ * These are low-level pseudodrivers to enable early console output
+ * to aid in debugging during early boot.
+ *
+ * They are crude, but hopefully effective. They rely on the fact
+ * that consoles are largely unused prior to the true console_init(),
+ * and that printk() uses the ->write callback and that callback
+ * only during its operation.
+ *
+ * Serial port routines are derived from Linux serial.c, and
+ * vga_putc() is derived from vsta, (C) Andrew Valencia.
+ */
+
+#include <linux/kernel.h>
+#include <linux/console.h>
+#include <linux/serial_reg.h>
+#include <asm/io.h>
+
+/*
+ * I/O ports are not linearly mapped on all architectures.
+ * On IA64 in particular, port I/O is just reading/writing from
+ * an uncached address, but ioremap there requires ia64_io_base
+ * to be initialized, which does not happen until the middle of
+ * setup_arch(). So a port remapping macro is provided here.
+ *
+ * The IA64 case is not handled here, although the port remapping
+ * is demonstrated for the purposes of understanding its necessity.
+ * The IO_BASE is taken from Lion systems; in general, this varies.
+ * True handling for IA64 will be merged in given testing.
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_IA64
+
+#define IO_BASE 0xC0000FFFFC000000UL
+#define MK_PORT(port) ((char *)(IO_BASE|(((port)>>2)<<12)|((port) & 0xFFF)))
+
+#else
+
+/*
+ * This works for i386, but not everywhere.
+ * Other architectures with port I/O mapping needs will need to
+ * add to the preprocessor case analysis above.
+ */
+
+#define MK_PORT(port) (port)
+
+#endif
+
+#define BOTH_EMPTY (UART_LSR_TEMT | UART_LSR_THRE)
+
+
+/*
+ * This serial output driver derived from the one appearing
+ * in serial.c
+ *
+ * It is a simple "bitbanging" style output routine, with
+ * initialization performed at every call.
+ */
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL
+#define MAX_BAUD 115200
+#define BAUD_MSB (CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_BAUD/MAX_BAUD)/0xFF
+#define BAUD_LSB (CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_BAUD/MAX_BAUD)%0xFF
+
+static inline __init void wait_for_readiness(unsigned port)
+{
+ unsigned retries;
+ unsigned char status;
+
+ /*
+ * Wait for transmitter holding and shift registers to empty,
+ * which is required for output to succeed. If the retries are
+ * exceeded, this deliberately fails to ensure termination.
+ */
+ for(retries = 0; retries < 65536; ++retries) {
+ status = inb(MK_PORT(port + 5));
+ if((status & BOTH_EMPTY) == BOTH_EMPTY)
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+static int serial_init = 0;
+
+static void init_serial_io_port(unsigned port)
+{
+ serial_init = 1;
+
+ wait_for_readiness(port);
+
+ /*
+ * Disable interrupts.
+ */
+ outb(0x0, MK_PORT(port + 1));
+
+ /*
+ * Set the baud rate divisor's LSB.
+ */
+ outb(BAUD_MSB, MK_PORT(port + 3));
+
+ /*
+ * Set the baud rate divisor's MSB.
+ */
+ outb(BAUD_LSB, MK_PORT(port));
+
+ /*
+ * Set no parity, 8 bits, 1 stop bit, and select
+ * interrupt enable register.
+ */
+ outb(0x3, MK_PORT(port + 3));
+}
+
+
+static void __init write_serial_io_port(unsigned port,
+ const char *s,
+ unsigned n)
+{
+ unsigned k;
+
+ if (serial_init==0)
+ {
+ init_serial_io_port(port);
+ }
+
+ /*
+ * Set data terminal ready and request to send.
+ */
+
+ for(k = 0; k < n; ++k) {
+ wait_for_readiness(port);
+ outb(s[k], MK_PORT(port));
+ if(s[k] == '\n') {
+ wait_for_readiness(port);
+ outb('\r', MK_PORT(port));
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+
+
+/*
+ * On Intel-derived architectures it is customary for onboard serial
+ * ports to have I/O ports at these two port addresses.
+ */
+
+static void __init write_serial(struct console *c, const char *s, unsigned n)
+{
+ write_serial_io_port(CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL_PORT, s, n);
+}
+
+static struct console __initdata early_console_serial =
+{
+ write: write_serial
+};
+#endif
+
+
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_VGA
+
+/*
+ * This should work for a variety of Intel-derived architectures,
+ * as it is customary for VGA memory to reside in this address range.
+ * vga_putc() is derived from vsta sources, (C) Andrew Valencia.
+ *
+ * Several forms of functionality are intentionally omitted in the
+ * interest of robustness, in particular, cursor movement and cursor
+ * position determination.
+ */
+
+#define VGA_MAXCOL 80
+#define VGA_MAXROW 25
+#define VGA_SCRNSZ (VGA_MAXCOL * VGA_MAXROW)
+#define VGA_REG_PORT 0x3D4
+#define VGA_VAL_PORT 0x3D5
+#define VGA_TEXT_BUFFER 0xB8000
+
+#define VGA_CHAR(_row_, _col_) vga_mem[(_row_)*VGA_MAXCOL + (_col_)].c
+
+struct vga_char_desc
+{
+ unsigned char c;
+ unsigned char color;
+};
+
+static struct vga_char_desc * __initdata vga_mem =
+ (struct vga_char_desc *)(VGA_TEXT_BUFFER + PAGE_OFFSET);
+
+/*
+ ** The screen position can actually be determined by port I/O,
+ ** but in the interest of robustness, these are always initialized
+ ** to the (0, 0) position. These position indices must always be
+ ** strictly less than the bounds VGA_MAXROW and VGA_MAXCOL.
+ **/
+static unsigned short __initdata row;
+static unsigned short __initdata col;
+
+
+/*from martin bligh's early_printk */
+static inline void __init update_cursor(void)
+{
+ int pos = (col + VGA_MAXCOL*row) *2;
+
+ outb_p(14, VGA_REG_PORT);
+ outb_p(0xff & (pos >> 9), VGA_VAL_PORT);
+ outb_p(15, VGA_REG_PORT);
+ outb_p(0xff & (pos >> 1), VGA_VAL_PORT);
+}
+
+
+void __init clear_vga_mem(void)
+{
+ int x, y;
+
+ for (x = 0; x < 80; x++) {
+ for (y = 0; y < 25; y++) {
+ VGA_CHAR(y,x) = ' ';
+ }
+ }
+ row =0;
+ col =0;
+ update_cursor();
+}
+
+
+
+
+/*
+ * The characters displayed at a screen position can be discerned by
+ * reading from the corresponding memory location. This can be used
+ * to simulate scrolling movement. Line blanking is simulated by
+ * overwriting the displayed characters with the space character.
+ *
+ * In the interest of robustness, cursor movement is also omitted.
+ */
+static inline void __init vga_scroll_up(void)
+{
+ unsigned k;
+
+ for(k = 0; k < (VGA_SCRNSZ - VGA_MAXCOL); ++k)
+ vga_mem[k].c = vga_mem[k + VGA_MAXCOL].c;
+
+ for(k = VGA_SCRNSZ - VGA_MAXCOL; k < VGA_SCRNSZ; ++k)
+ vga_mem[k].c = ' ';
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Line advancement must preserve the invariant that the row and
+ * column indices are in-bounds. The semantics of this mean that
+ * when line advancement "beyond" the last line results in scrolling.
+ */
+static inline void __init vga_line_advance(void)
+{
+ ++row;
+
+ if(row >= VGA_MAXROW) {
+ row = VGA_MAXROW - 1;
+ vga_scroll_up();
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Character advancement must once again preserve the in-bounds
+ * invariants, and in so doing line wrapping and advancement may occur.
+ */
+static inline void __init vga_char_advance(void)
+{
+ ++col;
+
+ if(col >= VGA_MAXCOL) {
+ col = 0;
+ vga_line_advance();
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * Derived from vsta sources (C) Andrew Valencia.
+ * Here the interpretation of several common special characters occurs,
+ * namely linefeeds, newlines, tabs, and backspaces. The position
+ * indices are updated using the vga_char_advance() and vga_line_advance()
+ * routines, and a vga_char_advance() is triggered on the printing of
+ * each ordinary character. The special characters have specialized
+ * position update semantics in order to be faithful to their customary
+ * cursor movement effects, although the cursor position is not updated.
+ */
+static void __init vga_putc(char c)
+{
+ unsigned k;
+ switch(c) {
+ case '\t':
+ for(k = 0; k < 8; ++k) {
+ VGA_CHAR(row, col) = ' ';
+ vga_char_advance();
+ }
+ break;
+
+ case '\r':
+ col = 0;
+ break;
+
+ case '\n':
+ col = 0;
+ vga_line_advance();
+ break;
+
+ case '\b':
+ if(col > 0) {
+ --col;
+ VGA_CHAR(row, col) = ' ';
+ }
+ break;
+
+ default:
+ VGA_CHAR(row, col) = c;
+ vga_char_advance();
+ break;
+ }
+}
+
+
+/*
+ * write_vga(), given a NUL-terminated character array, writes
+ * characters to VGA space in bulk, and is the callback used for the
+ * driver structure.
+ */
+static void __init write_vga(struct console *c, const char *s, unsigned n)
+{
+ unsigned k;
+
+ for(k = 0; k < n; ++k)
+ {
+ vga_putc(s[k]);
+ update_cursor();
+ }
+}
+
+static struct console __initdata early_console_vga =
+{
+ write: write_vga
+};
+
+#endif /*END CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_VGA*/
+
+
+
+/*
+ * The bochs x86 simulator has an optional feature for enabling
+ * debugging output through a normally unused ISA I/O port. The
+ * protocol for communicating with the simulated device is simply
+ * using port I/O writes to write a stream of characters to the
+ * device, and these are then relayed by the simulator to the
+ * controlling terminal of the simulator process.
+ */
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_BOCHS_E9_HACK
+static void __init write_bochs(struct console *c, const char *s, unsigned n)
+{
+ unsigned k;
+
+ for(k = 0; k < n; ++k)
+ outb(s[k], MK_PORT(0xE9));
+}
+
+static struct console __initdata early_console_bochs =
+{
+ write: write_bochs
+};
+#endif /* CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_BOCHS_E9_HACK */
+
+
+/*
+ * In order to minimize the number of #ifdefs whch must
+ * appear in-line, this direct-mapped, NULL-terminated table
+ * of console entries is used to provide a configuration-independent
+ * structure which may be traversed to discover all of the available
+ * early console devices for registration and unregistration.
+ *
+ * This is the ugliest part of the code, thanks to #ifdef
+ */
+static struct console * __initdata early_console_table[] =
+ {
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_SERIAL
+ &early_console_serial,
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_VGA
+ &early_console_vga,
+#endif
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_BOCHS_E9_HACK
+ &early_console_bochs,
+#endif
+ NULL
+ };
+
+
+/*
+ * The above implementations are quite far from complete console
+ * devices, but printk() only requires the ->write callback, so this is
+ * somewhat deceptive, but still cleaner than editing printk.c itself.
+ */
+void __init add_early_consoles(void)
+{
+
+ struct console **c = early_console_table;
+ while(*c)
+ {
+ register_early_console(*c++);
+ printk ("consoled added!\n\n");
+ }
+#ifdef CONFIG_EARLY_CONSOLE_VGA
+ clear_vga_mem();
+#endif
+
+}
+
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c
--- linux-2.5.11/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c Sun Apr 28 20:12:46 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/arch/i386/kernel/setup.c Tue Apr 30 13:35:53 2002
@@ -672,7 +672,9 @@
unsigned long bootmap_size, low_mem_size;
unsigned long start_pfn, max_low_pfn;
int i;
-
+
+ add_early_consoles();
+
#ifdef CONFIG_VISWS
visws_get_board_type_and_rev();
#endif
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/drivers/char/console.c linux-2.5.11.early/drivers/char/console.c
--- linux-2.5.11/drivers/char/console.c Sun Apr 28 20:12:11 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/drivers/char/console.c Tue Apr 30 13:35:53 2002
@@ -2437,7 +2437,8 @@
{
const char *display_desc = NULL;
unsigned int currcons = 0;
-
+ int removed =0;
+
if (conswitchp)
display_desc = conswitchp->con_startup();
if (!display_desc) {
@@ -2513,10 +2514,14 @@
display_desc, video_num_columns, video_num_lines);
printable = 1;
printk("\n");
-
+
+ /*clear any early consoles*/
+ removed = clear_early_consoles();
+
#ifdef CONFIG_VT_CONSOLE
register_console(&vt_console_driver);
#endif
+ printk ("removed %d early consoles \n",removed);
}
#ifndef VT_SINGLE_DRIVER
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/include/linux/console.h linux-2.5.11.early/include/linux/console.h
--- linux-2.5.11/include/linux/console.h Sun Apr 28 20:12:35 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/include/linux/console.h Tue Apr 30 13:54:23 2002
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@
#define CON_PRINTBUFFER (1)
#define CON_CONSDEV (2) /* Last on the command line */
#define CON_ENABLED (4)
-
+#define EARLY_CONSOLE (8) /* Early flag. Remove in con_init */
struct console
{
char name[8];
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@
struct console *next;
};
+
extern void register_console(struct console *);
extern int unregister_console(struct console *);
extern struct console *console_drivers;
@@ -112,6 +113,9 @@
extern void release_console_sem(void);
extern void console_conditional_schedule(void);
extern void console_unblank(void);
+extern int clear_early_consoles(void);
+extern void register_early_console(struct console *);
+
/* VESA Blanking Levels */
#define VESA_NO_BLANKING 0
diff -urN linux-2.5.11/kernel/printk.c linux-2.5.11.early/kernel/printk.c
--- linux-2.5.11/kernel/printk.c Sun Apr 28 20:12:49 2002
+++ linux-2.5.11.early/kernel/printk.c Tue Apr 30 13:35:53 2002
@@ -669,6 +669,50 @@
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_console);
+/* This will clear any and all console_drivers that
+ use only in con_init to remove any consoles that setup_arch
+ may have added for early console support
+ */
+int clear_early_consoles(void)
+{
+ struct console *a, *b;
+ int removed = 0;
+
+ if(console_drivers)
+ {
+ acquire_console_sem();
+
+
+ for (a=console_drivers->next, b=console_drivers; a; b=a,a=b->next)
+ {
+ if (a->flags & EARLY_CONSOLE)
+ {
+ b->next = a->next;
+ removed++;
+ }
+ }
+
+ if (console_drivers->flags & EARLY_CONSOLE)
+ {
+ console_drivers=console_drivers->next;
+ removed++;
+
+ }
+
+ if (console_drivers == NULL)
+ preferred_console = -1;
+
+ release_console_sem();
+ }
+ return removed;
+}
+
+void register_early_console(struct console *early_con)
+{
+ early_con->flags |= EARLY_CONSOLE;
+ register_console(early_con);
+}
+
/**
* tty_write_message - write a message to a certain tty, not just the console.
*
-
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