Others can be added locally as required, but those three seem fairly
global.
This also preserves the "link order" behavior for the deprecated
"__initcall" calls (now called in "deprecated_initcalls" after
device_initcalls.
Boots for me: what do arch maintainers think?
Rusty.
-- Anyone who quotes me in their sig is an idiot. -- Rusty Russell.diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/include/linux/init.h working-2.5.21-initorder/include/linux/init.h --- linux-2.5.21/include/linux/init.h Mon Jun 10 16:03:55 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/include/linux/init.h Fri Jun 14 13:32:58 2002 @@ -1,7 +1,12 @@ #ifndef _LINUX_INIT_H #define _LINUX_INIT_H +/* Hacked on by just about everyone. Explicit ordering work by: + * Rusty Russell (C) 2002 IBM Corporation */ + +/* Change this file, make sure you don't break scripts/build-initcalls */ #include <linux/config.h> +#include <linux/stringify.h> /* These macros are used to mark some functions or * initialized data (doesn't apply to uninitialized data) @@ -48,29 +53,46 @@ typedef int (*initcall_t)(void); typedef void (*exitcall_t)(void); -extern initcall_t __initcall_start, __initcall_end; +#define INITCALL_MAX_NAMELEN 64 +#define INITCALL_MAX_DEPS 3 -/* initcalls are now grouped by functionality into separate - * subsections. Ordering inside the subsections is determined - * by link order. - * For backwards compatability, initcall() puts the call in - * the device init subsection. - */ +/* Ensure it's initialized after x */ +#define init_after(x) { .follows = __stringify(x) "-end" } -#define __define_initcall(level,fn) \ - static initcall_t __initcall_##fn __attribute__ ((unused,__section__ (".initcall" level ".init"))) = fn +/* Ensure it's initialized before x */ +#define init_before(x) { .preceeds = __stringify(x) "-start" } -#define core_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("1",fn) -#define postcore_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("2",fn) -#define arch_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("3",fn) -#define subsys_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("4",fn) -#define fs_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("5",fn) -#define device_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("6",fn) -#define late_initcall(fn) __define_initcall("7",fn) +/* This is part of the x subsystem initialization */ +#define init_as_part_of(x) \ + { .follows = __stringify(x) "-start", .preceeds = __stringify(x) "-end" } -#define __initcall(fn) device_initcall(fn) +/* Example usage: + initcall(ppc_extras_init, + init_after(other_device_init), + init_as_part_of(device_initcalls)); + Do not use a "_initcalls" name except for subsystems (ie. init_as_part_of). +*/ +#define initcall(initfn,...) \ + static inline initcall_t __init_##initfn##_test(void) \ + { return initfn; } \ + int __init_##initfn(void) __attribute__((alias(#initfn))); \ + static const struct initcall_info initfn##_initcall_info \ + __attribute__ ((__section__ (".initcalls"))) = \ + { .name = __stringify(initfn), { __VA_ARGS__ } }; -#define __exitcall(fn) \ +struct initcall_order +{ + char preceeds[INITCALL_MAX_NAMELEN]; + char follows[INITCALL_MAX_NAMELEN]; +}; + +struct initcall_info +{ + char name[INITCALL_MAX_NAMELEN]; + struct initcall_order order[INITCALL_MAX_DEPS]; +}; + +#define __exitcall(fn) \ static exitcall_t __exitcall_##fn __exit_call = fn /* @@ -86,7 +108,6 @@ #define __setup(str, fn) \ static char __setup_str_##fn[] __initdata = str; \ static struct kernel_param __setup_##fn __attribute__((unused)) __initsetup = { __setup_str_##fn, fn } - #endif /* __ASSEMBLY__ */ /* @@ -135,7 +156,6 @@ #define __exit #define __initdata #define __exitdata -#define __initcall(fn) /* For assembly routines */ #define __INIT #define __FINIT @@ -159,14 +179,7 @@ #define __setup(str,func) /* nothing */ -#define core_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) -#define postcore_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) -#define arch_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) -#define subsys_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) -#define fs_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) -#define device_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) -#define late_initcall(fn) module_init(fn) - +#define initcall(initfn,initname,...) module_init(initfn) #endif /* Data marked not to be saved by software_suspend() */ @@ -185,5 +198,17 @@ #define __devexitdata __exitdata #define __devexit_p(x) 0 #endif + +/* This many levels of indirection really required */ +#define ___CAT3(a,b,c) a##_##b##_##c +#define __CAT3(a,b,c) ___CAT3(a,b,c) +#define __FAKENAME(fn) __CAT3(KBUILD_BASENAME,fn,__LINE__) + +#define ___initcall(a,...) initcall(a, __VA_ARGS__) + +/* Backwards compat macro: deprecated */ +#define __initcall(fn) \ + static int __FAKENAME(fn)(void) { return fn(); } \ + ___initcall(__FAKENAME(fn), init_as_part_of(deprecated_initcalls)) #endif /* _LINUX_INIT_H */ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/Makefile working-2.5.21-initorder/Makefile --- linux-2.5.21/Makefile Mon Jun 10 16:03:45 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/Makefile Thu Jun 13 16:46:53 2002 @@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ $(DRIVERS) \ $(NETWORKS) \ --end-group \ + init/generated-initcalls.o \ -o vmlinux # set -e makes the rule exit immediately on error @@ -232,7 +233,10 @@ $(NM) vmlinux | grep -v '\(compiled\)\|\(\.o$$\)\|\( [aUw] \)\|\(\.\.ng$$\)\|\(LASH[RL]DI\)' | sort > System.map endef -vmlinux: $(vmlinux-objs) FORCE +init/generated-initcalls.c: $(vmlinux-objs) scripts/build-initcalls + sh -e scripts/build-initcalls $(OBJDUMP) $(vmlinux-objs) >$@ + +vmlinux: $(vmlinux-objs) init/generated-initcalls.o FORCE $(call if_changed_rule,link_vmlinux) # The actual objects are generated when descending, @@ -574,7 +578,7 @@ # files removed with 'make clean' CLEAN_FILES += \ - kernel/ksyms.lst include/linux/compile.h \ + init/generated-initcalls.c kernel/ksyms.lst include/linux/compile.h \ vmlinux System.map \ .tmp* \ drivers/char/consolemap_deftbl.c drivers/video/promcon_tbl.c \ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/alpha/kernel/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/alpha/kernel/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/alpha/kernel/pci.c Thu May 30 10:00:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/alpha/kernel/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:03:36 2002 @@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ alpha_mv.init_pci(); } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_init); +initcall(pcibios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); char * __init pcibios_setup(char *str) diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/kernel/ecard.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/kernel/ecard.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/kernel/ecard.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/kernel/ecard.c Thu Jun 13 19:19:19 2002 @@ -1055,7 +1055,9 @@ ecard_proc_init(); } -subsys_initcall(ecard_init); +initcall(ecard_init, + init_after(pci_registration_init), + init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(ecard_startfind); EXPORT_SYMBOL(ecard_find); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/cats-pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/cats-pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/cats-pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/cats-pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:03:50 2002 @@ -52,4 +52,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(cats_pci_init); +initcall(cats_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/ebsa285-pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/ebsa285-pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/ebsa285-pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/ebsa285-pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:03:55 2002 @@ -45,4 +45,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(ebsa285_init_pci); +initcall(ebsa285_init_pci, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/netwinder-pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/netwinder-pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/netwinder-pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/netwinder-pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:03:59 2002 @@ -59,4 +59,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(netwinder_pci_init); +initcall(netwinder_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/personal-pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/personal-pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/personal-pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-footbridge/personal-pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:02 2002 @@ -53,4 +53,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(&personal_pci_init); +initcall(personal_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-ftvpci/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-ftvpci/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-ftvpci/pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-ftvpci/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:06 2002 @@ -57,4 +57,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(ftv_pci_init); +initcall(ftv_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-integrator/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-integrator/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-integrator/pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:35 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-integrator/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:12 2002 @@ -130,4 +130,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(integrator_pci_init); +initcall(integrator_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-iop310/iq80310-pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-iop310/iq80310-pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-iop310/iq80310-pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:36 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-iop310/iq80310-pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:15 2002 @@ -156,4 +156,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(iq80310_pci_init); +initcall(iq80310_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-shark/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-shark/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/arm/mach-shark/pci.c Sat May 25 14:34:36 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/arm/mach-shark/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:18 2002 @@ -39,4 +39,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(shark_pci_init); +initcall(shark_pci_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/kernel/mca.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/kernel/mca.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/kernel/mca.c Wed Feb 20 17:55:58 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/kernel/mca.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:21 2002 @@ -311,7 +311,7 @@ #endif } -subsys_initcall(mca_init); +initcall(mca_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); /*--------------------------------------------------------------------*/ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/acpi.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/acpi.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/acpi.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/acpi.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:25 2002 @@ -22,4 +22,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pci_acpi_init); +initcall(pci_acpi_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/common.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/common.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/common.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/common.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:28 2002 @@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_init); +initcall(pcibios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); char * __devinit pcibios_setup(char *str) { diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/direct.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/direct.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/direct.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/direct.c Thu Jun 13 19:46:46 2002 @@ -364,4 +364,6 @@ return 0; } -arch_initcall(pci_direct_init); +initcall(pci_direct_init, + init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls), + init_after(pci_pcbios_init)); /* FIXME: Does it matter? --RR */ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/irq.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/irq.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/irq.c Mon Jun 3 12:21:20 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/irq.c Thu Jun 13 18:21:17 2002 @@ -717,7 +717,9 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_irq_init); +initcall(pcibios_irq_init, + init_after(pcibios_init), + init_before(device_initcalls)); void __init pcibios_fixup_irqs(void) { diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/legacy.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/legacy.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/legacy.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/legacy.c Thu Jun 13 18:26:10 2002 @@ -54,4 +54,6 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pci_legacy_init); +initcall(pci_legacy_init, + init_after(pcibios_init), + init_before(device_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/numa.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/numa.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/numa.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/numa.c Thu Jun 13 18:26:35 2002 @@ -120,4 +120,6 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pci_numa_init); +initcall(pci_numa_init, + init_after(pcibios_init), + init_before(device_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/pcbios.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/pcbios.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/i386/pci/pcbios.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/i386/pci/pcbios.c Thu Jun 13 19:40:19 2002 @@ -557,4 +557,4 @@ return 0; } -arch_initcall(pci_pcbios_init); +initcall(pci_pcbios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ia64/hp/sim/simscsi.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ia64/hp/sim/simscsi.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ia64/hp/sim/simscsi.c Tue Apr 23 11:39:32 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ia64/hp/sim/simscsi.c Fri Jun 14 13:27:39 2002 @@ -363,6 +363,7 @@ static Scsi_Host_Template driver_template = SIMSCSI; -#define __initcall(fn) late_initcall(fn) +/* FIXME: Um, really? --RR */ +#define __initcall(fn) initcall(fn, init_after(device_initcalls)) #include "../drivers/scsi/scsi_module.c" diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ia64/kernel/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ia64/kernel/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ia64/kernel/pci.c Thu May 30 10:00:47 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ia64/kernel/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:32 2002 @@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_init); +initcall(pcibios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); /* * Called after each bus is probed, but before its children diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/kernel/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/kernel/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/kernel/pci.c Mon May 13 12:00:31 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/kernel/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:04:35 2002 @@ -1074,7 +1074,7 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_init); +initcall(pcibios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); unsigned char __init common_swizzle(struct pci_dev *dev, unsigned char *pinp) diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/kernel/setup.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/kernel/setup.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/kernel/setup.c Mon May 13 12:00:32 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/kernel/setup.c Thu Jun 13 18:07:41 2002 @@ -581,7 +581,7 @@ return 0; } -arch_initcall(ppc_init); +initcall(ppc_init, arch_init, init_after(core_initcalls)); /* Warning, IO base is not yet inited */ void __init setup_arch(char **cmdline_p) diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/lopec_setup.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/lopec_setup.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/lopec_setup.c Thu May 30 10:00:49 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/lopec_setup.c Thu Jun 13 18:41:57 2002 @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ return 0; } -device_initcall(lopec_request_io); +initcall(lopec_request_io, init_as_part_of(device_initcalls)); static void __init lopec_map_io(void) diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_feature.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_feature.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_feature.c Mon May 13 12:00:32 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_feature.c Thu Jun 13 18:42:08 2002 @@ -2126,4 +2126,4 @@ return 0; } -device_initcall(pmac_feature_late_init); +initcall(pmac_feature_late_init, init_as_part_of(device_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_setup.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_setup.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_setup.c Mon May 13 12:00:32 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/pmac_setup.c Fri Jun 14 13:35:33 2002 @@ -463,7 +463,11 @@ return 0; } -late_initcall(pmac_late_init); +/* Say it's after both so it doesn't break when deprecated_initcalls + vanishes */ +initcall(pmac_late_init, + init_after(device_initcalls), + init_after(deprecated_initcalls)); /* can't be __init - can be called whenever a disk is first accessed */ void __pmac diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/prep_setup.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/prep_setup.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc/platforms/prep_setup.c Thu May 30 10:00:49 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc/platforms/prep_setup.c Thu Jun 13 18:42:13 2002 @@ -825,7 +825,7 @@ return 0; } -device_initcall(prep_request_io); +initcall(prep_request_io, init_as_part_of(device_initcalls)); void __init prep_init(unsigned long r3, unsigned long r4, unsigned long r5, diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc64/kernel/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc64/kernel/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc64/kernel/pci.c Mon Jun 3 12:21:20 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc64/kernel/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:19:19 2002 @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_init); +initcall(pcibios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); int __init pcibios_assign_all_busses(void) diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c Mon Jun 3 12:21:21 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/ppc64/kernel/setup.c Thu Jun 13 18:07:51 2002 @@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ return 0; } -arch_initcall(ppc_init); +initcall(ppc_init, arch_init, init_after(core_initcalls)); void __init ppc64_calibrate_delay(void) { diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/arch/sparc64/kernel/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/sparc64/kernel/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/arch/sparc64/kernel/pci.c Sun May 19 12:07:29 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/arch/sparc64/kernel/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:19:19 2002 @@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pcibios_init); +initcall(pcibios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); struct pci_fixup pcibios_fixups[] = { { 0 } diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/acpi/bus.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/acpi/bus.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/acpi/bus.c Mon Jun 3 12:21:21 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/acpi/bus.c Thu Jun 13 19:02:43 2002 @@ -2190,6 +2190,7 @@ return 1; } -subsys_initcall(acpi_init); +initcall(acpi_init, + init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); /* FIXME: should it be after?-- RR */ __setup("acpi=", acpi_setup); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/base/bus.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/base/bus.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/base/bus.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:48 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/base/bus.c Thu Jun 13 19:06:59 2002 @@ -198,13 +198,15 @@ driverfs_remove_dir(&bus->dir); } -static int __init bus_init(void) +static int __init driverfs_bus_init(void) { /* make 'bus' driverfs directory */ return driverfs_create_dir(&bus_dir,NULL); } -core_initcall(bus_init); +initcall(driverfs_bus_init, + init_after(driverfs_init), + init_before(bus_initcalls)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(bus_for_each_dev); EXPORT_SYMBOL(bus_for_each_drv); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/base/core.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/base/core.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/base/core.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:48 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/base/core.c Thu Jun 13 19:05:26 2002 @@ -278,7 +278,7 @@ return device_register(&device_root); } -static int __init device_init(void) +static int __init driverfs_init(void) { int error; @@ -293,7 +293,7 @@ return error; } -core_initcall(device_init); +initcall(driverfs_init, init_before(bus_initcalls)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(device_register); EXPORT_SYMBOL(put_device); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/base/sys.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/base/sys.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/base/sys.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:48 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/base/sys.c Thu Jun 13 19:06:38 2002 @@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ return device_register(&system_bus); } -postcore_initcall(sys_bus_init); +initcall(sys_bus_init, init_after(driverfs_init), init_before(bus_initcalls)); + EXPORT_SYMBOL(register_sys_device); EXPORT_SYMBOL(unregister_sys_device); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/dio/dio.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/dio/dio.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/dio/dio.c Wed Feb 20 17:56:01 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/dio/dio.c Thu Jun 13 18:53:17 2002 @@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ } } -subsys_initcall(dio_init); +initcall(dio_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); /* Bear in mind that this is called in the very early stages of initialisation * in order to get the virtual address of the serial port for the console... diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/macintosh/mediabay.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/macintosh/mediabay.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/macintosh/mediabay.c Thu May 30 10:00:53 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/macintosh/mediabay.c Thu Jun 13 18:42:17 2002 @@ -834,4 +834,4 @@ return 0; } -device_initcall(media_bay_init); +initcall(media_bay_init, init_as_part_of(device_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/macintosh/via-cuda.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/macintosh/via-cuda.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/macintosh/via-cuda.c Sun May 19 12:07:30 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/macintosh/via-cuda.c Thu Jun 13 18:42:21 2002 @@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ return 0; } -device_initcall(via_cuda_start); +initcall(via_cuda_start, init_as_part_of(device_initcalls)); #ifdef CONFIG_ADB static int diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c Sun May 19 12:07:30 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/macintosh/via-pmu.c Thu Jun 13 18:32:25 2002 @@ -440,7 +440,7 @@ return 0; } -arch_initcall(via_pmu_start); +initcall(via_pmu_start, init_before(device_initcalls)); /* * This has to be done after pci_init, which is a subsys_initcall. @@ -498,7 +498,7 @@ return 0; } -device_initcall(via_pmu_dev_init); +initcall(via_pmu_dev_init, via_pmu_init, init_after(pci_init)); static int __openfirmware init_pmu() diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/nubus/nubus.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/nubus/nubus.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/nubus/nubus.c Wed Feb 20 17:56:05 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/nubus/nubus.c Thu Jun 13 18:53:26 2002 @@ -1040,4 +1040,4 @@ #endif } -subsys_initcall(nubus_init); +initcall(nubus_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:50 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pci/pci-driver.c Thu Jun 13 19:07:32 2002 @@ -199,12 +199,14 @@ match: pci_bus_match, }; -static int __init pci_driver_init(void) +static int __init pci_registration_init(void) { return bus_register(&pci_bus_type); } -postcore_initcall(pci_driver_init); +initcall(pci_registration_init, + init_before(bus_initcalls), + init_after(driverfs_bus_init)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_match_device); EXPORT_SYMBOL(pci_register_driver); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/pci/pci.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pci/pci.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/pci/pci.c Mon May 13 12:00:36 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pci/pci.c Thu Jun 13 19:09:39 2002 @@ -555,7 +555,7 @@ return 0; } -static int __devinit pci_init(void) +static int __devinit pci_fixups(void) { struct pci_dev *dev; @@ -580,7 +580,7 @@ return 1; } -device_initcall(pci_init); +initcall(pci_fixups, init_after(bus_initcalls), init_before(device_initcalls)); __setup("pci=", pci_setup); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/pci/power.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pci/power.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/pci/power.c Tue May 21 16:33:32 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pci/power.c Thu Jun 13 19:09:47 2002 @@ -162,4 +162,5 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(pci_pm_init); +initcall(pci_pm_init, + init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); /* FIXME: should it be after?-- RR */ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c Mon May 13 12:00:36 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pcmcia/ds.c Thu Jun 13 18:40:49 2002 @@ -966,7 +966,7 @@ return 0; } -late_initcall(init_pcmcia_ds); +initcall(init_pcmcia_ds, init_after(device_initcalls)); #ifdef MODULE diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/pnp/isapnp.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pnp/isapnp.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/pnp/isapnp.c Thu Mar 21 14:14:48 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pnp/isapnp.c Thu Jun 13 19:09:55 2002 @@ -2393,7 +2393,7 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(isapnp_init); +initcall(isapnp_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); #ifdef MODULE diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/pnp/pnpbios_core.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pnp/pnpbios_core.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/pnp/pnpbios_core.c Sat May 25 14:34:46 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/pnp/pnpbios_core.c Thu Jun 13 19:10:01 2002 @@ -1218,7 +1218,7 @@ __setup("pnpbios=", pnpbios_setup); #endif -subsys_initcall(pnpbios_init); +initcall(pnpbios_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); int __init pnpbios_init(void) { diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/sbus/sbus.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/sbus/sbus.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/sbus/sbus.c Mon Apr 15 11:47:28 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/sbus/sbus.c Thu Jun 13 19:10:10 2002 @@ -517,4 +517,4 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(sbus_init); +initcall(sbus_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/tc/tc.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/tc/tc.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/tc/tc.c Wed Feb 20 17:56:08 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/tc/tc.c Thu Jun 13 18:56:45 2002 @@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ /* * the main entry */ -void __init tc_init(void) +void __init turbochannel_init(void) { int tc_clock; int i; @@ -236,7 +236,7 @@ } } -subsys_initcall(tc_init); +initcall(turbochannel_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(search_tc_card); EXPORT_SYMBOL(claim_tc_card); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/usb/core/usb.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/usb/core/usb.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/usb/core/usb.c Mon Jun 3 12:21:26 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/usb/core/usb.c Thu Jun 13 18:56:54 2002 @@ -1447,7 +1447,7 @@ usb_hub_cleanup(); } -subsys_initcall(usb_init); +initcall(usb_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); module_exit(usb_exit); /* diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/drivers/zorro/zorro.c working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/zorro/zorro.c --- linux-2.5.21/drivers/zorro/zorro.c Mon May 13 12:00:37 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/drivers/zorro/zorro.c Thu Jun 13 18:57:10 2002 @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ return 0; } -subsys_initcall(zorro_init); +initcall(zorro_init, init_as_part_of(bus_initcalls)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(zorro_find_device); EXPORT_SYMBOL(zorro_unused_z2ram); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/init/main.c working-2.5.21-initorder/init/main.c --- linux-2.5.21/init/main.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:56 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/init/main.c Thu Jun 13 16:39:38 2002 @@ -421,19 +421,7 @@ struct task_struct *child_reaper = &init_task; -static void __init do_initcalls(void) -{ - initcall_t *call; - - call = &__initcall_start; - do { - (*call)(); - call++; - } while (call < &__initcall_end); - - /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */ - flush_scheduled_tasks(); -} +extern void do_initcalls(void); /* * Ok, the machine is now initialized. None of the devices @@ -485,6 +473,8 @@ start_context_thread(); do_initcalls(); + /* Make sure there is no pending stuff from the initcall sequence */ + flush_scheduled_tasks(); } extern void prepare_namespace(void); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/kernel/exec_domain.c working-2.5.21-initorder/kernel/exec_domain.c --- linux-2.5.21/kernel/exec_domain.c Fri Mar 8 14:49:30 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/kernel/exec_domain.c Thu Jun 13 19:11:39 2002 @@ -275,14 +275,13 @@ }; static int __init -abi_register_sysctl(void) +abi_init(void) { register_sysctl_table(abi_root_table, 1); return 0; } -__initcall(abi_register_sysctl); - +initcall(abi_init, init_before(device_initcalls)); EXPORT_SYMBOL(abi_defhandler_coff); EXPORT_SYMBOL(abi_defhandler_elf); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/kernel/softirq.c working-2.5.21-initorder/kernel/softirq.c --- linux-2.5.21/kernel/softirq.c Mon Jun 3 12:21:28 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/kernel/softirq.c Thu Jun 13 19:15:32 2002 @@ -412,4 +412,4 @@ return 0; } -__initcall(spawn_ksoftirqd); +initcall(spawn_ksoftirqd, init_before(bus_initcalls)); /* Really? */ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/lib/crc32.c working-2.5.21-initorder/lib/crc32.c --- linux-2.5.21/lib/crc32.c Wed Feb 20 17:56:42 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/lib/crc32.c Fri Jun 14 13:27:46 2002 @@ -564,7 +564,7 @@ crc32cleanup_be(); } -fs_initcall(init_crc32); +initcall(init_crc32, init_after(mm), init_before(device_initcalls)); module_exit(cleanup_crc32); EXPORT_SYMBOL(crc32_le); diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/mm/highmem.c working-2.5.21-initorder/mm/highmem.c --- linux-2.5.21/mm/highmem.c Mon Jun 10 16:03:56 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/mm/highmem.c Thu Jun 13 19:16:48 2002 @@ -221,7 +221,9 @@ return 0; } -__initcall(init_emergency_pool); +initcall(init_emergency_pool, + init_as_part_of(mm_initcalls), + init_before(mm_slab_init)); /* * highmem version, map in to vec diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/mm/slab.c working-2.5.21-initorder/mm/slab.c --- linux-2.5.21/mm/slab.c Mon May 13 12:00:40 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/mm/slab.c Thu Jun 13 19:22:51 2002 @@ -499,7 +499,7 @@ } while (sizes->cs_size); } -int __init kmem_cpucache_init(void) +int __init mm_slab_init(void) { #ifdef CONFIG_SMP g_cpucache_up = 1; @@ -508,7 +508,7 @@ return 0; } -__initcall(kmem_cpucache_init); +initcall(mm_slab_init, init_as_part_of(mm_initcalls)); /* Interface to system's page allocator. No need to hold the cache-lock. */ diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/net/irda/af_irda.c working-2.5.21-initorder/net/irda/af_irda.c --- linux-2.5.21/net/irda/af_irda.c Mon May 6 11:12:01 2002 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/net/irda/af_irda.c Thu Jun 13 18:40:46 2002 @@ -2634,7 +2634,7 @@ return 0; } -late_initcall(irda_proto_init); +initcall(irda_proto_init, init_after(device_initcalls)); /* * Function irda_proto_cleanup (void) diff -urN -I \$.*\$ --exclude TAGS -X /home/rusty/current-dontdiff --minimal linux-2.5.21/scripts/build-initcalls working-2.5.21-initorder/scripts/build-initcalls --- linux-2.5.21/scripts/build-initcalls Thu Jan 1 10:00:00 1970 +++ working-2.5.21-initorder/scripts/build-initcalls Fri Jun 14 13:07:00 2002 @@ -0,0 +1,110 @@ +#! /bin/sh -e +# Given an objdump, and a list of object files, spit out C code to +# call all the inits in order. + +# Hardcoded section orderings here. +FIXED="mm bus device deprecated" + +if [ `expr $# \> 1` = 0 ]; then + echo Usage: $0 objdump objfile... >&2 + exit 1 +fi + +OBJDUMP="$1" +shift + +# Get the structure sizes. +INCLUDE_FILE=include/linux/init.h +NAMELEN=`grep '^#define.*INITCALL_MAX_NAMELEN' $INCLUDE_FILE | cut -d' ' -f3` +NUMDEPS=`grep '^#define.*INITCALL_MAX_DEPS' $INCLUDE_FILE | cut -d' ' -f3` +if [ x$NUMDEPS = x ] || [ x$NAMELEN = x ] || [ `expr $NAMELEN % 16` != 0 ];then + echo Invalid include file values: "$NAMELEN" and "$NUMDEPS" >&2 + exit 1 +fi +# Objdump deals in 16-byte quantities. +NAMELEN=`expr $NAMELEN / 16` + +# I hate mktemp, but tempfile isn't avail on RedHat +TMPFILE=`mktemp ${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}build-initcalls.XXXXXX` +TMPFILE2=`mktemp ${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}build-initcalls2.XXXXXX` +REGEX=`mktemp ${TMPDIR:-/tmp/}build-real.XXXXXX` +trap "rm -f $TMPFILE $TMPFILE2 $NAMES" 0 + +echo -n "s/\(" > $REGEX + +STATE=IN_NAME +HEXABYTES=0 +FULLSTRING="" +LASTOBSOLETE="" +"$OBJDUMP" --section=.initcalls --full-contents "$@" | +grep '^ *[0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f][0-9a-f]' | +while read POS HEX1 HEX2 HEX3 HEX4 STRING; do + # objdump uses . for non-printable, and we don't use real .s anyway. + FULLSTRING="$FULLSTRING`echo -n \"$STRING\" | tr -d .`" + HEXABYTES=`expr $HEXABYTES + 1` + if [ $HEXABYTES = $NAMELEN ]; then + case $STATE in + IN_NAME) + NAME="$FULLSTRING" + # Mentioned as a name: actual routine, not subsystem. + [ -z "$NAME" ] || echo -n "$NAME\|" >> $REGEX + STATE=IN_INITCALL_PRECEEDS + INITCALL_NUM=0 + ;; + IN_INITCALL_PRECEEDS) + [ -z "$FULLSTRING" ] || echo "$NAME"-start "$FULLSTRING" + # Maintain link ordering for __initcalls + if [ x"$FULLSTRING" = x"obsolete_initcalls-end" ]; then + [ -z "$LASTOBSOLETE" ] || echo "$NAME" "$LASTOBSOLETE" + LASTOBSOLETE="$NAME" + fi + STATE=IN_INITCALL_FOLLOWS + ;; + IN_INITCALL_FOLLOWS) + [ -z "$FULLSTRING" ] || echo "$FULLSTRING" "$NAME"-end + INITCALL_NUM=`expr $INITCALL_NUM + 1` + if [ $INITCALL_NUM = $NUMDEPS ]; then + STATE=IN_NAME + else + STATE=IN_INITCALL_PRECEEDS + fi + ;; + esac + HEXABYTES=0 + FULLSTRING="" + fi +done > $TMPFILE + +# For everything which is an actual routine name, -start and -end are +# the same. Use regex to strip them. +echo "INVALID-NAME\)-\(start\|end\)/\1/g" >> $REGEX +sed "`cat $REGEX`" < $TMPFILE > $TMPFILE2 + +# Add in fixed orderings. +prev_fixed="" +for fixed in $FIXED; do + [ x"$prev_fixed" = x ] || echo ${prev_fixed}_initcalls-end ${fixed}_initcalls-start + echo ${fixed}_initcalls-start ${fixed}_initcalls-end + prev_fixed=$fixed +done >> $TMPFILE2 + +# Do the sort. +tsort < $TMPFILE2 > $TMPFILE + +# Generate output +echo "/* Auto-generated by build-initcalls: DO NOT EDIT. */" +echo "#include <linux/init.h>" +echo "" +echo "void __init do_initcalls(void)" +echo "{" +while read VALUE; do + case $VALUE in + *-end|*-start) + echo "/* $VALUE */" + ;; + *) + echo " { extern int __init_$VALUE(void); __init_$VALUE(); }" + ;; + esac +done < $TMPFILE +echo "}" - To unsubscribe from this list: send the line "unsubscribe linux-kernel" in the body of a message to majordomo@vger.kernel.org More majordomo info at http://vger.kernel.org/majordomo-info.html Please read the FAQ at http://www.tux.org/lkml/