Re: Convert APIC to driver model: now it works with SMP

Martin J. Bligh (mbligh@aracnet.com)
Mon, 31 Mar 2003 23:04:42 -0800


arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c:102: warning: initialization from incompatible pointer type
arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c: In function `init_nmi_driverfs':
arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c:129: warning: control reaches end of non-void function

arch/i386/oprofile/built-in.o(.data+0x568): undefined reference to `device_lapic'

Config is at:
ftp://ftp.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/people/mbligh/config/config.numaq

--On Sunday, March 30, 2003 21:30:27 +0200 Pavel Machek <pavel@ucw.cz> wrote:

> Hi!
>
> I've undone part of renaming, so that now it actually works with
> SMP. Sorry.
>
> Pavel
>
> %patch
> Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/apic.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/apic.c 2003-03-30 19:57:18.000000000 +0200
> +++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/apic.c 2003-03-30 20:20:15.000000000 +0200
> @@ -10,6 +10,8 @@
> * for testing these extensively.
> * Maciej W. Rozycki : Various updates and fixes.
> * Mikael Pettersson : Power Management for UP-APIC.
> + * Pavel Machek and
> + * Mikael Pettersson : Converted to driver model.
> */
>
> #include <linux/config.h>
> @@ -23,6 +25,10 @@
> #include <linux/interrupt.h>
> #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
> #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
> +#include <linux/delay.h>
> +#include <linux/slab.h>
> +#include <linux/device.h>
> +#include <linux/pm.h>
>
> #include <asm/atomic.h>
> #include <asm/smp.h>
> @@ -304,6 +310,27 @@
> apic_write_around(APIC_LVT1, value);
> }
>
> +static struct {
> + /* 'active' is true if the local APIC was enabled by us and
> + not the BIOS; this signifies that we are also responsible
> + for disabling it before entering apm/acpi suspend */
> + int active;
> + /* r/w apic fields */
> + unsigned int apic_id;
> + unsigned int apic_taskpri;
> + unsigned int apic_ldr;
> + unsigned int apic_dfr;
> + unsigned int apic_spiv;
> + unsigned int apic_lvtt;
> + unsigned int apic_lvtpc;
> + unsigned int apic_lvt0;
> + unsigned int apic_lvt1;
> + unsigned int apic_lvterr;
> + unsigned int apic_tmict;
> + unsigned int apic_tdcr;
> + unsigned int apic_thmr;
> +} apic_pm_state;
> +
> void __init setup_local_APIC (void)
> {
> unsigned long value, ver, maxlvt;
> @@ -445,46 +472,24 @@
> printk("No ESR for 82489DX.\n");
> }
>
> - if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC)
> - setup_apic_nmi_watchdog();
> + if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC) {
> + enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();
> + }
> +
> + apic_pm_state.active = 1;
> }
>
> #ifdef CONFIG_PM
> -
> -#include <linux/slab.h>
> -#include <linux/pm.h>
> -
> -static struct {
> - /* 'active' is true if the local APIC was enabled by us and
> - not the BIOS; this signifies that we are also responsible
> - for disabling it before entering apm/acpi suspend */
> - int active;
> - /* 'perfctr_pmdev' is here because the current (2.4.1) PM
> - callback system doesn't handle hierarchical dependencies */
> - struct pm_dev *perfctr_pmdev;
> - /* r/w apic fields */
> - unsigned int apic_id;
> - unsigned int apic_taskpri;
> - unsigned int apic_ldr;
> - unsigned int apic_dfr;
> - unsigned int apic_spiv;
> - unsigned int apic_lvtt;
> - unsigned int apic_lvtpc;
> - unsigned int apic_lvt0;
> - unsigned int apic_lvt1;
> - unsigned int apic_lvterr;
> - unsigned int apic_tmict;
> - unsigned int apic_tdcr;
> - unsigned int apic_thmr;
> -} apic_pm_state;
> -
> -static void apic_pm_suspend(void *data)
> +static int lapic_suspend(struct device *dev, u32 state, u32 level)
> {
> unsigned int l, h;
> unsigned long flags;
>
> - if (apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev)
> - pm_send(apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev, PM_SUSPEND, data);
> + if (level != SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN)
> + return 0;
> + if (!apic_pm_state.active)
> + return 0;
> +
> apic_pm_state.apic_id = apic_read(APIC_ID);
> apic_pm_state.apic_taskpri = apic_read(APIC_TASKPRI);
> apic_pm_state.apic_ldr = apic_read(APIC_LDR);
> @@ -505,13 +510,21 @@
> l &= ~MSR_IA32_APICBASE_ENABLE;
> wrmsr(MSR_IA32_APICBASE, l, h);
> local_irq_restore(flags);
> + return 0;
> }
>
> -static void apic_pm_resume(void *data)
> +static int lapic_resume(struct device *dev, u32 level)
> {
> unsigned int l, h;
> unsigned long flags;
>
> + if (level != RESUME_POWER_ON)
> + return 0;
> + if (!apic_pm_state.active)
> + return 0;
> +
> + set_fixmap_nocache(FIX_APIC_BASE, APIC_DEFAULT_PHYS_BASE); /* FIXME: this is needed for S3 resume, but why? */
> +
> local_irq_save(flags);
> rdmsr(MSR_IA32_APICBASE, l, h);
> l &= ~MSR_IA32_APICBASE_BASE;
> @@ -536,74 +549,35 @@
> apic_write(APIC_ESR, 0);
> apic_read(APIC_ESR);
> local_irq_restore(flags);
> - if (apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev)
> - pm_send(apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev, PM_RESUME, data);
> -}
> -
> -static int apic_pm_callback(struct pm_dev *dev, pm_request_t rqst, void *data)
> -{
> - switch (rqst) {
> - case PM_SUSPEND:
> - apic_pm_suspend(data);
> - break;
> - case PM_RESUME:
> - apic_pm_resume(data);
> - break;
> - }
> return 0;
> }
>
> -/* perfctr driver should call this instead of pm_register() */
> -struct pm_dev *apic_pm_register(pm_dev_t type,
> - unsigned long id,
> - pm_callback callback)
> -{
> - struct pm_dev *dev;
> -
> - if (!apic_pm_state.active)
> - return pm_register(type, id, callback);
> - if (apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev)
> - return NULL; /* we're busy */
> - dev = kmalloc(sizeof(struct pm_dev), GFP_KERNEL);
> - if (dev) {
> - memset(dev, 0, sizeof(*dev));
> - dev->type = type;
> - dev->id = id;
> - dev->callback = callback;
> - apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev = dev;
> - }
> - return dev;
> -}
> -
> -/* perfctr driver should call this instead of pm_unregister() */
> -void apic_pm_unregister(struct pm_dev *dev)
> -{
> - if (!apic_pm_state.active) {
> - pm_unregister(dev);
> - } else if (dev == apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev) {
> - apic_pm_state.perfctr_pmdev = NULL;
> - kfree(dev);
> - }
> -}
> -
> -static void __init apic_pm_init1(void)
> -{
> - /* can't pm_register() at this early stage in the boot process
> - (causes an immediate reboot), so just set the flag */
> - apic_pm_state.active = 1;
> -}
> +static struct device_driver lapic_driver = {
> + .name = "apic",
> + .bus = &system_bus_type,
> + .resume = lapic_resume,
> + .suspend = lapic_suspend,
> +};
> +
> +/* not static, needed by child devices */
> +struct sys_device device_lapic = {
> + .name = "apic",
> + .id = 0,
> + .dev = {
> + .name = "lapic",
> + .driver = &lapic_driver,
> + },
> +};
>
> -static void __init apic_pm_init2(void)
> +static int __init init_apic_devicefs(void)
> {
> + driver_register(&lapic_driver);
> if (apic_pm_state.active)
> - pm_register(PM_SYS_DEV, 0, apic_pm_callback);
> + return sys_device_register(&device_lapic);
> + return 0;
> }
>
> -#else /* CONFIG_PM */
> -
> -static inline void apic_pm_init1(void) { }
> -static inline void apic_pm_init2(void) { }
> -
> +device_initcall(init_apic_devicefs);
> #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
>
> /*
> @@ -669,9 +643,6 @@
> nmi_watchdog = NMI_LOCAL_APIC;
>
> printk("Found and enabled local APIC!\n");
> -
> - apic_pm_init1();
> -
> return 0;
>
> no_apic:
> @@ -682,7 +653,6 @@
> void __init init_apic_mappings(void)
> {
> unsigned long apic_phys;
> -
> /*
> * If no local APIC can be found then set up a fake all
> * zeroes page to simulate the local APIC and another
> @@ -1150,13 +1120,10 @@
> }
>
> verify_local_APIC();
> -
> connect_bsp_APIC();
>
> phys_cpu_present_map = 1 << boot_cpu_physical_apicid;
>
> - apic_pm_init2();
> -
> setup_local_APIC();
>
> if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC)
> Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/apm.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/apm.c 2003-03-30 19:57:18.000000000 +0200
> +++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/apm.c 2003-03-30 20:01:56.000000000 +0200
> @@ -221,6 +221,7 @@
> #include <linux/kernel.h>
> #include <linux/smp.h>
> #include <linux/smp_lock.h>
> +#include <linux/device.h>
>
> #include <asm/system.h>
> #include <asm/uaccess.h>
> @@ -1237,6 +1238,10 @@
> }
> printk(KERN_CRIT "apm: suspend was vetoed, but suspending anyway.\n");
> }
> +
> +
> + device_suspend(3, SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN);
> +
> /* serialize with the timer interrupt */
> write_seqlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
>
> @@ -1257,6 +1262,7 @@
> if (err != APM_SUCCESS)
> apm_error("suspend", err);
> err = (err == APM_SUCCESS) ? 0 : -EIO;
> + device_resume(RESUME_POWER_ON);
> pm_send_all(PM_RESUME, (void *)0);
> queue_event(APM_NORMAL_RESUME, NULL);
> out:
> @@ -1370,6 +1376,7 @@
> write_seqlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
> set_time();
> write_sequnlock_irq(&xtime_lock);
> + device_resume(RESUME_POWER_ON);
> pm_send_all(PM_RESUME, (void *)0);
> queue_event(event, NULL);
> }
> Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c 2003-03-30 19:57:18.000000000 +0200
> +++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c 2003-03-30 20:01:56.000000000 +0200
> @@ -163,10 +163,6 @@
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(flush_tlb_page);
> #endif
>
> -#if defined(CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC) && defined(CONFIG_PM)
> -EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(set_nmi_pm_callback);
> -EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(unset_nmi_pm_callback);
> -#endif
> #ifdef CONFIG_X86_IO_APIC
> EXPORT_SYMBOL(IO_APIC_get_PCI_irq_vector);
> #endif
> Index: linux/arch/i386/kernel/nmi.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/arch/i386/kernel/nmi.c 2003-03-30 19:57:18.000000000 +0200
> +++ linux/arch/i386/kernel/nmi.c 2003-03-30 20:01:56.000000000 +0200
> @@ -9,6 +9,8 @@
> * Mikael Pettersson : AMD K7 support for local APIC NMI watchdog.
> * Mikael Pettersson : Power Management for local APIC NMI watchdog.
> * Mikael Pettersson : Pentium 4 support for local APIC NMI watchdog.
> + * Pavel Machek and
> + * Mikael Pettersson : PM converted to driver model. disable/enable API.
> */
>
> #include <linux/config.h>
> @@ -20,6 +22,8 @@
> #include <linux/interrupt.h>
> #include <linux/mc146818rtc.h>
> #include <linux/kernel_stat.h>
> +#include <linux/device.h>
> +#include <linux/module.h>
>
> #include <asm/smp.h>
> #include <asm/mtrr.h>
> @@ -29,6 +33,7 @@
> static unsigned int nmi_hz = HZ;
> unsigned int nmi_perfctr_msr; /* the MSR to reset in NMI handler */
> extern void show_registers(struct pt_regs *regs);
> +static int nmi_active;
>
> #define K7_EVNTSEL_ENABLE (1 << 22)
> #define K7_EVNTSEL_INT (1 << 20)
> @@ -117,7 +122,7 @@
> */
> if ((nmi == NMI_LOCAL_APIC) &&
> (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_INTEL) &&
> - (boot_cpu_data.x86 == 6 || boot_cpu_data.x86 == 15))
> + (boot_cpu_data.x86 == 6 || boot_cpu_data.x86 == 15))
> nmi_watchdog = nmi;
> if ((nmi == NMI_LOCAL_APIC) &&
> (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor == X86_VENDOR_AMD) &&
> @@ -134,14 +139,11 @@
>
> __setup("nmi_watchdog=", setup_nmi_watchdog);
>
> -#ifdef CONFIG_PM
> -
> -#include <linux/pm.h>
> -
> -struct pm_dev *nmi_pmdev;
>
> -static void disable_apic_nmi_watchdog(void)
> +void disable_lapic_nmi_watchdog(void)
> {
> + if (!nmi_active)
> + return;
> switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
> case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
> wrmsr(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0, 0, 0);
> @@ -158,46 +160,60 @@
> }
> break;
> }
> + nmi_active = 0;
> }
>
> -static int nmi_pm_callback(struct pm_dev *dev, pm_request_t rqst, void *data)
> +#ifdef CONFIG_PM
> +
> +static int nmi_suspend(struct device *dev, u32 state, u32 level)
> {
> - switch (rqst) {
> - case PM_SUSPEND:
> - disable_apic_nmi_watchdog();
> - break;
> - case PM_RESUME:
> - setup_apic_nmi_watchdog();
> - break;
> - }
> + if (level != SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN)
> + return 0;
> +
> + disable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();
> return 0;
> }
>
> -struct pm_dev * set_nmi_pm_callback(pm_callback callback)
> +static int nmi_resume(struct device *dev, u32 level)
> {
> - apic_pm_unregister(nmi_pmdev);
> - return apic_pm_register(PM_SYS_DEV, 0, callback);
> -}
> + if (level != RESUME_POWER_ON)
> + return 0;
>
> -void unset_nmi_pm_callback(struct pm_dev * dev)
> -{
> - apic_pm_unregister(dev);
> - nmi_pmdev = apic_pm_register(PM_SYS_DEV, 0, nmi_pm_callback);
> -}
> -
> -static void nmi_pm_init(void)
> -{
> - if (!nmi_pmdev)
> - nmi_pmdev = apic_pm_register(PM_SYS_DEV, 0, nmi_pm_callback);
> + if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC)
> + enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();
> +
> + return 0;
> }
>
> -#define __pminit /*empty*/
>
> -#else /* CONFIG_PM */
> +static struct device_driver nmi_driver = {
> + .name = "lapic_nmi",
> + .bus = &system_bus_type,
> + .resume = nmi_resume,
> + .suspend = nmi_suspend,
> +};
> +
> +static struct sys_device device_nmi = {
> + .name = "lapic_nmi",
> + .id = 0,
> + .dev = {
> + .name = "lapic_nmi",
> + .driver = &nmi_driver,
> + .parent = &device_lapic.dev,
> + }
> +};
> +
> +extern struct sys_device device_apic;
>
> -static inline void nmi_pm_init(void) { }
> +static int __init init_nmi_devicefs(void)
> +{
> + if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC) {
> + driver_register(&nmi_driver);
> + return sys_device_register(&device_nmi);
> + }
> +}
>
> -#define __pminit __init
> +late_initcall(init_nmi_devicefs);
>
> #endif /* CONFIG_PM */
>
> @@ -206,7 +222,7 @@
> * Original code written by Keith Owens.
> */
>
> -static void __pminit clear_msr_range(unsigned int base, unsigned int n)
> +static void clear_msr_range(unsigned int base, unsigned int n)
> {
> unsigned int i;
>
> @@ -214,7 +230,7 @@
> wrmsr(base+i, 0, 0);
> }
>
> -static void __pminit setup_k7_watchdog(void)
> +static void setup_k7_watchdog(void)
> {
> unsigned int evntsel;
>
> @@ -236,7 +252,7 @@
> wrmsr(MSR_K7_EVNTSEL0, evntsel, 0);
> }
>
> -static void __pminit setup_p6_watchdog(void)
> +static void setup_p6_watchdog(void)
> {
> unsigned int evntsel;
>
> @@ -258,7 +274,7 @@
> wrmsr(MSR_P6_EVNTSEL0, evntsel, 0);
> }
>
> -static int __pminit setup_p4_watchdog(void)
> +static int setup_p4_watchdog(void)
> {
> unsigned int misc_enable, dummy;
>
> @@ -288,7 +304,7 @@
> return 1;
> }
>
> -void __pminit setup_apic_nmi_watchdog (void)
> +void enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog (void)
> {
> switch (boot_cpu_data.x86_vendor) {
> case X86_VENDOR_AMD:
> @@ -312,7 +328,7 @@
> default:
> return;
> }
> - nmi_pm_init();
> + nmi_active = 1;
> }
>
> static spinlock_t nmi_print_lock = SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED;
> @@ -400,3 +416,7 @@
> wrmsr(nmi_perfctr_msr, -(cpu_khz/nmi_hz*1000), -1);
> }
> }
> +
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(nmi_watchdog);
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog);
> +EXPORT_SYMBOL(disable_lapic_nmi_watchdog);
> Index: linux/arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c 2003-03-30 19:57:18.000000000 +0200
> +++ linux/arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c 2003-03-30 20:01:56.000000000 +0200
> @@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
> #include <linux/notifier.h>
> #include <linux/smp.h>
> #include <linux/oprofile.h>
> +#include <linux/device.h>
> #include <asm/nmi.h>
> #include <asm/msr.h>
> #include <asm/apic.h>
> @@ -24,27 +25,6 @@
>
> static int nmi_start(void);
> static void nmi_stop(void);
> -
> -static struct pm_dev * oprofile_pmdev;
> -
> -/* We're at risk of causing big trouble unless we
> - * make sure to not cause any NMI interrupts when
> - * suspended.
> - */
> -static int oprofile_pm_callback(struct pm_dev * dev,
> - pm_request_t rqst, void * data)
> -{
> - switch (rqst) {
> - case PM_SUSPEND:
> - nmi_stop();
> - break;
> - case PM_RESUME:
> - nmi_start();
> - break;
> - }
> - return 0;
> -}
> -
>
> static int nmi_callback(struct pt_regs * regs, int cpu)
> {
> @@ -86,7 +66,41 @@
> saved_lvtpc[cpu] = apic_read(APIC_LVTPC);
> apic_write(APIC_LVTPC, APIC_DM_NMI);
> }
> -
> +
> +static int nmi_enabled = 0; /* 0 == registered but off, 1 == registered and on */
> +
> +static int nmi_suspend(struct device *dev, u32 state, u32 level)
> +{
> + if (level != SUSPEND_POWER_DOWN)
> + return 0;
> + if (nmi_enabled == 1)
> + nmi_stop();
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int nmi_resume(struct device *dev, u32 level)
> +{
> + if (level != RESUME_POWER_ON)
> + return 0;
> + if (nmi_enabled == 1)
> + nmi_start();
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +
> +static struct device_driver nmi_driver = {
> + .name = "oprofile",
> + .bus = &system_bus_type,
> + .resume = nmi_resume,
> + .suspend = nmi_suspend,
> +};
> +
> +static struct device device_nmi = {
> + .name = "oprofile",
> + .bus_id = "oprofile",
> + .driver = &nmi_driver,
> + .parent = &device_lapic,
> +};
>
> static int nmi_setup(void)
> {
> @@ -95,12 +109,26 @@
> * without actually triggering any NMIs as this will
> * break the core code horrifically.
> */
> + if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC) {
> + disable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();
> + nmi_watchdog = NMI_LOCAL_APIC_SUSPENDED_BY_OPROFILE;
> + }
> on_each_cpu(nmi_cpu_setup, NULL, 0, 1);
> set_nmi_callback(nmi_callback);
> - oprofile_pmdev = set_nmi_pm_callback(oprofile_pm_callback);
> - return 0;
> + nmi_enabled = 1;
> + return 0;
> +}
> +
> +static int __init init_nmi_driverfs(void)
> +{
> + if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC) {
> + printk("Registering oprofile-nmi\n");
> + driver_register(&nmi_driver);
> + device_register(&device_nmi);
> + }
> }
>
> +late_initcall(init_nmi_driverfs);
>
> static void nmi_restore_registers(struct op_msrs * msrs)
> {
> @@ -145,9 +173,13 @@
>
> static void nmi_shutdown(void)
> {
> - unset_nmi_pm_callback(oprofile_pmdev);
> + nmi_enabled = 0;
> unset_nmi_callback();
> on_each_cpu(nmi_cpu_shutdown, NULL, 0, 1);
> + if (nmi_watchdog == NMI_LOCAL_APIC_SUSPENDED_BY_OPROFILE) {
> + nmi_watchdog = NMI_LOCAL_APIC;
> + enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog();
> + }
> }
>
>
> Index: linux/include/asm-i386/apic.h
> ===================================================================
> --- linux.orig/include/asm-i386/apic.h 2003-03-30 19:57:18.000000000 +0200
> +++ linux/include/asm-i386/apic.h 2003-03-30 20:01:56.000000000 +0200
> @@ -78,7 +78,8 @@
> extern void smp_local_timer_interrupt (struct pt_regs * regs);
> extern void setup_boot_APIC_clock (void);
> extern void setup_secondary_APIC_clock (void);
> -extern void setup_apic_nmi_watchdog (void);
> +extern void enable_lapic_nmi_watchdog (void);
> +extern void disable_lapic_nmi_watchdog (void);
> extern inline void nmi_watchdog_tick (struct pt_regs * regs);
> extern int APIC_init_uniprocessor (void);
> extern void disable_APIC_timer(void);
> @@ -95,6 +96,9 @@
> #define NMI_IO_APIC 1
> #define NMI_LOCAL_APIC 2
> #define NMI_INVALID 3
> +#define NMI_LOCAL_APIC_SUSPENDED_BY_OPROFILE 4
> +
> +extern struct sys_device device_lapic;
>
> #endif /* CONFIG_X86_LOCAL_APIC */
>
>
> %diffstat
> arch/i386/kernel/apic.c | 169 ++++++++++++++++--------------------------
> arch/i386/kernel/apm.c | 7 +
> arch/i386/kernel/i386_ksyms.c | 4
> arch/i386/kernel/io_apic.c | 15 ++-
> arch/i386/kernel/nmi.c | 100 ++++++++++++++----------
> arch/i386/oprofile/nmi_int.c | 82 ++++++++++++++------
> include/asm-i386/apic.h | 6 +
> 7 files changed, 206 insertions(+), 177 deletions(-)
>
>
> --
> When do you have a heart between your knees?
> [Johanka's followup: and *two* hearts?]
>
>

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