¹⁴(Seth et al., 2005). Neuroscientists have developed an interesting test called Mirror Self-Recognition (Toda and Platt, 2015). The idea is that a mirror is introduced to the animal. After the animal has had some experience with the mirror, some red dye is applied to its face to create a small but visible spot. Many animals instinctively try to touch the red spot. But does the animal touch the real spot on its face, or its image in the mirror? If it touches the real spot, it is concluded that the animal had some kind of consciousness of itself, or at least a body image similar to what we have. Chimpanzees, for example, pass the test. However, this is of course a very indirect measure of only one aspect of consciousness, in particular self-awareness considered later in the text. (For moral implications of our ignorance of whether animals can suffer on a conscious level, see Birch (2017).)