⁹This contradiction between ancient philosophers and modern psychology has baffled many commentators. I would speculate that the problem is that not all research on lack of control (or uncertainty) has clearly made the distinction between the level of control/certainty the agent perceives to have, and the level of control/certainty the agent wants to have. If the agent wants to have more control or certainty than it perceives to have, this leads to a case of frustration, on a “meta-level” or of self-needs, and thus suffering. A Buddhist practitioner is supposed to accept that control is not possible, and everything is uncertain. Thus, she gives up wanting any control and avoids any such meta-level frustration. Combined with the fact that frustration (on the ordinary level) is reduced, as argued in this chapter, this should lead to less suffering.