¹⁴Putting uncertainty into the framework of the frustration equation is not straightforward in the case of aversion, as seen in this example. Taking account of the various forms of uncertainty might mean that you realize that the bad thing, which you initially thought is certain, is actually less likely to happen than what you first estimated. Paradoxically, this increases the expected reward, because the negative reward is less likely to happen, and actually increases your frustration—that is why the effect of admitting uncertainty on aversion-based frustration is not straightforward. See also the discussion of the connection between fear and frustration in Chapter 6; the current example is clearly one of fear since it is about expecting something bad to happen.