³Epictetus recommends to “behave conformably to nature in reaction to how things appear” (The Enchiridion, Paragraph 6), see also the discussion on Marcus Aurelius by Hadot (2002). Laotse (Laozi) recommends “nonaction” or “effortless action”—a highly complex concept with many interpretations—which can be interpreted as acting naturally, or rather, in an automated way in our terminology. According to Chan (2018), it “seems to be used more broadly as a contrast against any form of action characterized by self-serving desire”... “nonaction would be ’normal’ action in the pristine order of nature, in which the mind is at peace, free from the incessant stirring of desire.” Alternatively, such acting naturally could mean that any attempt to control is minimized by choosing courses of action which are in harmony with the environment; this interpretation does not, however, explain where the ultimate motivation for action comes from. In any case, it seems important that such natural action is still constrained by sound moral principles, so that it does not mean just doing whatever one feels like.